## Hyperthyroidism: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Treatment Options and When to Contact a Doctor Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. This can cause a range of symptoms, including palpitations, diarrhea, and excessive sweating. ### What are the causes of hyperthyroidism? The exact causes of hyperthyroidism are not always clear, but some common causes include: - A biological female - Over 60 years old - Pernicious anemia - Type 2 diabetes - Primary adrenal insufficiency - Family history of thyroid disease - Eating a diet rich in iodine, such as kelp - Taking medication that contains iodine - Using nicotine, such as smoking or vaping - Pregnancy within the previous 6 months ### What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism? The following are some common symptoms of hyperthyroidism: - Palpitations - Shortness of breath - Fatigue - Muscle weakness - Increased heart rate and blood pressure - Weight loss - Increased sweating - Restlessness or irritability ### What are the risk factors for hyperthyroidism? The following individuals are at higher risk of developing hyperthyroidism: - Women - Individuals over 60 years old - Those with a family history of thyroid disease - People who eat a diet rich in iodine, such as kelp - Smokers or vapers ### What treatment options are available for hyperthyroidism? The following are some common treatment options for hyperthyroidism: - Medication: This can include beta-blockers to treat the effects of hyperthyroidism and antithyroid medication to reduce thyroid hormone production. - Radioiodine therapy: This involves taking a radioactive form of iodine to kill off the cells that produce thyroid hormones. - Thyroid surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. ### When should you contact your doctor? If you are experiencing any of the following symptoms, you should contact your doctor: - Tiredness or weakness - Dull pain in the abdomen - Loss of appetite - Skin rash, itching, or easy bruising - Yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes - A constant sore throat - Fever or chills